21 February 2012

A few things concerning diagnosis and the DSM revisions

I’ve spent many an hour hearing how people’s diagnosis changes every time they have changed physician. I’ve heard them complain that they don’t know what’s wrong with them and that the physician doesn’t know what they’re doing and I’ve never really understood why that should be so.

I’ve never seen a diagnosis as anything other than a physicians’ tool, a description of the symptoms that I have. As there a limited number of diagnosis possibilities it does not surprise me that a diagnosis does not define all of the symptoms I am suffering from exactly, or that it might change. I consider the change a progression of ideas but not a confusion. That a different representation of my symptoms and there relative impact on my life may alter what may be considered the ‘best fit’ diagnosis I see as reasonable.

I am me and I have these symptoms and whether I am labelled bi-polar or schizophrenic my treatment is being tailored to them, its’ name was never of any interest to me. In fact the only use it has been is as a short cut introduction to new physicians to guide them as to what they might expect my symptoms to be. That each time I have been asked to give a thorough case history has only highlighted to me that is of little importance to me.

So why does it matter what it is?

Well it probably wouldn’t if each illness had the same recommended treatments, however that is not the case. There is overlap between the different recommendations based on the symptoms displayed and diagnosis, and some treatment plans work better than others, which is why a diagnosis guide is helpful. Though you may wish your physician to know everything there is to know about your particular illness it is unlikely that they will and ready information can be useful and though it may not work for you specifically it does not follow that for the next person it will not either.

The usefulness of a diagnosis guide is limited by the number of different categories versus the number of different treatments and what specific problems they treat.

For instance if you only had a few broad spectrum treatments that were applicable to most illnesses you would not need very specific descriptions of the problems because they would all be given very similar treatments.

However with so many different treatments that have targeted effects on certain symptoms or groups of symptoms the more specific your categories/diagnosis need to be to be able to assign people to the right treatment and hence the DSM. http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx

 As knowledge and increasing treatment regimes have become apparent so too must the number of descriptors increase i.e. different diagnosis and therefore it also becomes important for each person using it to diagnosis in a similar manor to assign patients to the most applicable program. http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/feb/09/us-mental-health-manual

So why are the new descriptors/ diagnosis causing physicians to complain?


Mainly because these new descriptors seem to be including normal emotional responses that if left would resolve themselves without need of intervention from drugs or therapy. The problem for me is that although they may be normal it does not follow that everyone will resolve them and return to a happy and healthy emotional balance and there is no way to find out whether they will except to wait and see.

I look at the complaints in the media of which these are a couple

Millions of healthy people - including shy or defiant children, grieving relatives and people with fetishes - may be wrongly labeled mentally ill by a new international diagnostic manual, specialists said on Thursday



In essence only our tears, heartache, grief and loss are to be evaluated minus the under lying reason for those feelings, the loss of a loved one. Therefore placing the natural grief process into a neat little mental health disorder that is to be treated with drugs



with some scorn and I slam all for what seems the perpetual comment that all mental ill health is treated with drugs, which has not been my experience. I see them as foolish and as silly as they seem to believe the new diagnoses are.

I honestly believe that these diagnoses have been taken out of context. Unfortunately I cannot be sure that they have and I worry just like the medical professionals that the literal and obvious translation they have made is what was intended and as such would indeed do what they suggest and this would be tragic.

No one would wish a diagnosis on someone who is not ill however

Could not shyness be seen in adults as social with drawl/isolation

Oppositional defiant disorder of children be seen in adults as perpetual aggression and destruction.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppositional_defiant_disorder

Both of which are most definitely symptoms of mental ill health.


It is not that I think they should go in but just that I feel conclusions have been jumped to based on a system that does treat all mental ill health with drugs and never allows people to have recovered.

If a new descriptor should come into play it is that recovery of good mental health can be achieved and that as time passes such diagnosis from childhood can be lost into the ether like juvenile convictions. I would wish to see distinctions being made between people who have had years of good mental health and that they would be treated differently than those who have been in and out of hospital in the near past. It seems ridiculous in this day and age that I or anyone else would have to answer to

‘do I now or have I ever suffered from mental ill health’

Especially when I am treated exactly the same regardless of whether I have had any problems recently. Should I not at some point be deemed recovered?


That we cannot adequately define what mental ill health or mental good health is, is surely fuelling the arguments about what should be included and what not. What for one person may be ill health for another may not and as such whatever is written down should be taken in the context and understanding of the person to whom the diagnosis is being given. And only time and good evaluation will tell if the person is or is not mentally ill and it seems that time is what we lack, as physicians, as parents, as teachers and as social workers, which is probably why there is so much furore about the new DSM edition because it may well be used instead of the time it takes to come to a reasonable diagnosis.


When it comes to mental ill health the questions for me are

·         should we wait and see?

·         should we watch and evaluate?

·         how long should we wait before we do something?

The costs for getting it wrong are in lives scarred with mental ill health and as such it carries a heavy burden if you get it wrong equally to over diagnose carries its' own costs and they are largely unknown and I am left wondering which is worst? However I do not see how this manual and whatever is printed in it will radically change what is already happening in the world at large. It is just one book and hopefully its influence will be limited and governed by the common sense of the medical professionals who are tasked to use it and whom seem to be thoroughly questioning its' content. Surely a very good sign that it will remain a help rather than a hindrance.

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